random words

Random words association:

Internet is a Power of the Exist

 Computers: One of the most important factors to enter the Internet.
 Games: playing online games.
 Information: getting information from websites.
 Videos: watching videos on YouTube.
 Education: learning lessons, reading books, understanding information online.
 Business: online business, selling or buying items online.
 Browsers: many browsers to speed up the internet.
 People: Communication with people via the Internet.
 Facebook: one of the social networking websites.
 Sharing: Exchange of information and files between people.
 Money: make some works via the internet can earn you money.
 Wikipedia: is a free encyclopaedia, written collaboratively by the people who use it via the internet.
 Maps: finding the location of any place that we want by Google map.
 Blogs: with the blog you can publish any information on the World Wide Web.
 Com: is the shortcut of company /net: is the shortcut of networks.
 Social media: allow people to create, share or exchange.

juxtaposition

from the above picture we see that the things we used to do with the brain can be done on computer.
Brains are like computers, computers are like brains, you will often hear people comparing the most advanced bit of kit nature has produced with the best that mankind has managed so far. Sometimes the comparison gets personal and competitive. Do they work together in a brain like way? In short, is the World Wide Web becoming a kind of worldwide brain?
The World Wide Web has been created by the human brain since 1989. Which means the brain is more creative and active in that time. Nowadays we can see how World Wide Web is more available in all our needs, we can get more information in short time as how brain work but in more creative and faster ways.
It’s easy to make crude anatomical comparisons between the brain on one hand and the World Wide Web on the other. Where the brain has cells firing across synapses, while World Wide Web links computers over Ethernet cables, fiber-optic cables, or satellite links, and the World Wide Web uses hypertext links to connect one page to others. The brain is modular, with some degree of specialization between different regions, and works in parallel same thing goes to World Wide Web.
The Internet’s purpose is to carry information from one computer to another, while the World Wide Web is a highly dynamic repository of human knowledge. Start to ask how exactly the brain controls the body, and it’s immediately clear that brains have internal functions that resemble those of both the world wide web, they carry information ( like world wide web) and they’re active repositories of knowledge (like world wide web). Now it’s easy to see obvious parallels between, say, human memory and World Wide Web memory
But what about the World Wide Web? Does that function as a neural network? It’s certainly true that the World Wide Web consists of discrete points (websites) connected to other discrete points (other domains) by weighted links. Although, in principle, every link on the World Wide Web is the same as every other link, some links clearly carry more weight than others. So the World Wide Web has some of the structure of a neural network.
And in the end, all we can say that the Brain is Equal to the World Wide Web. Then again, we have to remember that this whole exercise of comparing the brain, the World Wide Web, and the WWW is simply an analogy and a heuristic.
WWW is one of the most important human inventions, which thanks to the human brain to create as an awesome idea as WWW.

random words

Correlation does not imply causation. However, some correlations are at least fascinating, and here’s one that’s getting a lot of attention: the apparent structural similarity between the growth of the universe, that of the human brain, and complex artificial networks like the Internet or Twitter.

In fact, according to the research presented by Dmitri Krioukov of the University of California in San Diego, equations similar to Einstein’s descriptions of the universe might apply to things like the Internet.

First, let’s dispose of any cosmological theology (“Wow! The universe is a giant brain!”) that might arise from what follows: Krioukov emphasises in this media announcement:

“By no means do we claim that the universe is a global brain or a computer. But the discovered equivalence between the growth of the universe and complex networks strongly suggests that unexpectedly similar laws govern the dynamics of these very different complex systems.”

So let’s take a look at the paper itself, published in full (hooray for open science!) here.

What Krioukov and his collaborators have turned up is that the universe’s development seems to follow a power-law structure: “the causal network representing the large-scale structure of spacetime in our accelerating universe is a power-law graph with strong clustering, similar to many complex networks such as the Internet, social, or biological networks,” they state in the abstract (Wikipedia’s description of the power-law will suffice for background).

In other words, Krioukov is suggesting that the growth of the universe seems to observe a mathematical relationship that’s also been documented in such diverse Earth-bound fields as the human brain, the Internet and social networks.

How can this be?

If The Register understands Krioukov’s paper correctly, it partly follows from the constraint that the speed of light places on causality: macro events in spacetime cannot be linked if the speed of light prevents it (I’m ignoring micro phenomena such as entanglement, for the moment). Any “causet” – causal set – has to exist within a single “time cone”.

That means clustering is almost inevitable.

The conclusion that the universe follows a power law seems to be simpler: if we take the spacetime we observe now, and what’s called “de Sitter spacetime” (the eventual universe that is, depressingly, cold and empty), the large-scale graph for de Sitter spacetime produced a power law.

So what’s this got to do with the Internet?

The Krioukov paper points out that the Internet “looks” like the universe in this: at the large scale, it looks homogeneous (think “the cloud”!), but at the small scale, the Internet is lumpy. To put it in the more academic terms of the paper:

“De Sitter spacetime is homogeneous and isotropic, as is the hyperbolic space, but if we take a real network, e.g. the Internet, and map it to this homogeneous space, then after the mapping, the node density in the space is non-uniform”.

And this is where the paper offers up something tangible and useful: to those who have lived it, the growth of the Internet might seem random and unpredictable. However, it may have been governed by an “invisible hand” – equations “similar to Einstein’s” – which could “be used to predict and possibly control the fine-grained dynamics of links and nodes in networks”.

Predicting how a network might grow and behave is, as anybody who watched last week’s “Click Frenzy” disaster in Australia will attest, a discipline with real economic value.

And the connection with the brain? It's also a network that arises in conditions that challenge simple explanation - but you start with one cell, and end up with sufficient billions to comprehend articles like this one.

www=brain

Past studies showed brain circuits and the Internet look a lot alike. But despite finding this functional similarity, nobody had developed equations to perfectly predict how computer networks, brain circuits or social networks grow over time, Krioukov said.

Using Einstein's equations of relativity, which explain how matter warps the fabric of space-time, physicists can retrace the universe's explosive birth in the Big Bang roughly 14 billion years ago and how it has expanded outward in the eons since.

So Krioukov's team wondered whether the universe's accelerating growth could provide insight into the ways social networks or brain circuits expand.

Brain cells and galaxies

The team created a computer simulation that broke the early universe into the tiniest possible units — quanta of space-time more miniscule than subatomic particles. The simulation linked any quanta, or nodes in a massive celestial network, that were causally related. (Nothing travels faster than light, so if a person hits a baseball on Earth, the ripple effects of that event could never reach an alien in a distant galaxy in a reasonable amount of time, meaning those two regions of space-time aren't causally related.)

As the simulation progressed, it added more and more space-time to the history of the universe, and so its "network" connections between matter in galaxies, grew as well, Krioukov said.

When the team compared the universe's history with growth of social networks and brain circuits, they found all the networks expanded in similar ways: They balanced links between similar nodes with ones that already had many connections. For instance, a cat lover surfing the Internet may visit mega-sites such as Google or Yahoo, but will also browse cat fancier websites or YouTube kitten videos. In the same way, neighboring brain cells like to connect, but neurons also link to such "Google brain cells" that are hooked up to loads of other brain cells.

www=brain

Each neuron in your brain is directly connected to many others, and it is thought that this matrix is how our brains store information and how it is able to perform complex computations. 
In a sense the internet is similar in that it is a complex network of interconnected computing machines. Each computer is able to store and perform complex calculations. 

There are probably more dissimilarities between our brains and the internet than similarities though. Our brains are analog, the internet is digital. An analog computer is much faster than a digital computer of similar complexity. Also, there are many more connections in our brains than in the entire Internet. There are about 100 billion neurons, and about a trillion connections in your brain. The internet has about a billion connected systems. So, our brains are far more complex than the internet currently is. Binary math has 2 states, on and off or true and false. We don't know how many states a neuron has, but we know that it's a lot more than 2. So the storage in our brains is much more compact than digital memory chips. A single core digital processor can perform one computation per cycle. Our brains can perform millions of computations in the same cycle.
The scientists measured the degree of correlation between activities in tens of thousands of brain regions. They found that many of the nodes had only a few connections, and a small number of nodes were connected to many others. These "super-connected" nodes act as hubs -- as with the Internet or your most gossipy friend -- getting the word out quickly and widely.
So maybe, the thinking goes, if you can figure out how the Internet works -- or why your gossipy friend succeeds -- then you can grasp your own mind.
Or, put more scientifically, these findings of basic principles of brain function suggest "that the underlying properties can be understood using the theoretical framework already advanced in the study of other, disparate, networks

brain mind map

www mind map